给学生一个自由想象的空间
发布时间:2009-03-09 来源:
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 71.4pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.95"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 55.3pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.95"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 44.15pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 22pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">低年级学生创造性思维培养案例分析</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 175pt; mso-char-indent-count: 12.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">——上海市裘锦秋实验学校</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">张兰欣</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">案例背景:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">人类社会已经跨入新的千年,展望未来,我们面对的是日益激烈的竞争形势,江泽民总书记指出:“面对世界科技飞速发展的挑战,我们必须把增强民族创新能力提到关系中华民族兴衰存亡的高度来认识。教育在培养民族创新精神和培养创新性人才方面,肩负着特殊的使命。”可见培养学生的创造力,是使中华民族自立于世界民族之林的需要。创造,不是墨守成规,而是推陈出新。而创造性思维就是指人在创造过程中的思维,通过创造思维,产生新的、前所未有的思维成果。因此说,培养创新素质的关键在于培养创造性思维。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那么,在小学语文课堂教学中如何培养学生的创造性思维呢?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">教学片段:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 6.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-para-margin-left: .66gd"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">师:同学们,小鱼多可怜呀!火热的太阳马上就要升起,如果我,如果你,如果我们就是那浅水洼里的一条小鱼,此时,你想说些什么呢?这是二年级的语文课文《这条小鱼在乎》教学的一个片段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:我想说,快来人救救我吧!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:太阳呀,你不要升起来了。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:海滩上的人不要玩了,你们都伸手救救我们吧!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:那边的人怎么这样没良心,说要把我们捡回家吃掉!</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  ……</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  师:孩子们,你们说的可真好,现在有一个善良的哥哥把我们好多小伙伴送回家了,如果你是其中一个,你又要说些什么呢?做些什么呢?</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:我会对我的伙伴们说:以后不要淘气了,不要到那么远的地方玩。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:我是龙宫的公主,我会让父王重重酬谢小哥哥。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  生:我会经常给小哥哥写信。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">案例分析:</SPAN></B><B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN></B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  本案例联系课文,利用低年级学生爱说、爱动、爱表现的特点,创设说话情境,训练学生口说我心,充分调动了学生的积极性。一个合理的拓展机会,一个广阔的想象空间,一个思想争锋的平台。把课文延伸并拓展,加强对话。使学生加深对课文内容的理解。通过让学生想象,巧妙地让学生把书本上的知识内化为自己的语言并加以运用,使学生学有所得,学有所用,不仅丰富了词汇,发展了想象力,发散性思维、求异思维也得到了很好的训练,融情于语文训练,使语言训练与情感熏陶有机结合,相得益彰。体现了新课标“重积累,重迁移”的思想。我认为课堂教学中训练学生创造性思维应该做到以下几点:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、平等对话</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  营造氛围新型的师生关系、民主和谐的教学氛围是学生敢于发言、乐于发言的前提。所以我们应该努力营造这种适合学生“激活思维”的氛围。使他们产生答错了也没关系的安全感,做到愉快地站起来,体面地坐下去。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、走出课本</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  本片段搭建了包容学生生活经历的教学平台,充分激活了学生的生活积累,除了在课堂教学中,把学生带到课本的海洋里,让学生自由地汲取、积累,还要鼓励学生走出课本,走进生活,根据生活的积累来描述内心的想法,广泛地积累书本以外的知识,从而在对话训练中有话可说。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、想象训练</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  在小学语文教学中注重学生想象力的培养,对学生学习知识、增强技能提高语文综合素质等都有着重要意义,如果在语文教学中巧妙地挖掘一些语言训练点,激活学生的想象思维,那是培养学生想象能力的一条有效途径,又是提高学生创造思维能力的有效手段。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  关于“想象”的训练,只要是一个好的拓展点,一旦展开,孩子们的想象肯定是瑰丽而神奇的,超乎大人们的驰骋空间。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">  海阔凭鱼跃,天高任鸟飞。让我们多给孩子创造想象机会,站在“欲穷千里目,更上一层楼”的高度审视现在孩子的想象能力。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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